Ukwahluka koLwimi eIndiya
I-Indiya lilizwe elingafaniyo, kuzo zonke iinkalo zegama elithi heterogeneous. Umhlaba yintlanganisela enika umdla yembali, izithethe, iinkolo neelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye neemfuno zabemi bomthonyama, ilizwe lavela ngokumangalisayo livula indlela yeelwimi ezisisiseko. Malunga ne-19, 500 iilwimi (izizwe nezizwe) ezithethwa kweli lizwe. Apho, ezithile ezibalaseleyo iilwimi zaseIndiya ziviwa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yeyantlukwano kunye nemvelaphi engacacanga yabantu bomthonyama bale mihla, akukho lwimi luthethwayo lwelizwe. I-Indiya ibhiyozela ulwimi abantu bomthonyama abakhetha ukuthetha ngalo. Noko ke, ubalo luka-2011 lubonisa ukuba iilwimi ziyafana. Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Telegu, Gujarati, Urdu, Kannada, Odia and Malayalam ziye zaphawulwa njengezona lwimi zithethwayo kweli lizwe. Makhe sithethe size sazi ngemvelaphi yezi lwimi ezimbalwa.
Marathi
IsiMarathi kwakhona lolunye ulwimi oluphuma kulwimi lwase-Indo-Aryan, oluthethwa kakhulu ngabemi belizwe laseMaharashtra eIndiya. Iindawo zeGoa zikwakhetha ukuthetha ngesiMarathi. Phakathi kwezithethi zale mihla zesiMarathi, kukho izizwana ezimbini ezibalaseleyo eziguqulelwe ngabaninzi: isiyelelane saseVarhadi kunye nesiyelelane esiqhelekileyo sesiMarathi. Iziyelelane zolwimi zibandakanya Malvani Kolkani, Agri, Agirani kunye neKoli, ithethwa kwimimandla yaseKhandesh. Ulwimi lwamkela kwaye lusebenza ngokwesini esineendlela ezintathu, ngokwahlukileyo sichonga ubandakanyo kunye nokukodwa kwegama elithi 'thina'. Uninzi lweelwimi zangaphambili eIndiya zivela kwiqela le-Indo-Aryan zizalwa kulwimi lwePrakrit, kuquka isiMarathi. UMarathi wehla njengoMaharashtri Prakrit. Ngokubhekele phaya kumgca wexesha lembali yaseIndiya, ulwimi luzahlula ngokupheleleyo kulwimi oluqhelekileyo olulawula eIndiya.
Gujarati
Njengezinye iilwimi ezaziwayo, ulwimi lwesiGujarati lukwayinzala yosapho lwama-Indo-Aryan. Olu lwimi luthethwa ikakhulu ngabantu baseGujarat eIndiya kwaye kukholelwa ukuba lolona lwimi lusemthethweni kweli lizwe. Ikwathathwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lukaDadar kunye noNagar Haveli. Ulwimi luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolwimi lwase-Indo lwaseYurophu kwaye lukwafunyaniswa ukuba luthethwa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-Indiya afana nePakistan kunye neendawo zoMzantsi Asia. Olu lwimi luthathwa njengeminyaka engama-700 kwaye luthethwa ngabo ngoku Abantu abazizigidi ezingama-55 kwihlabathi liphela, okubandakanya iindawo zase-USA, Khenya, Tanzania kunye neendawo ezithile zoMzantsi Afrika. Njengezinye iinkqubo zeDevanagari zokubhala-script, iskripthi sesiGujarati siwela phantsi kwe-Abugida. Iilwimi ezikufutshane nesiGujarati okanye isandi esifana kakhulu nesiGujarati Parkari Koli kunye Kutchi (igama lithatyathwe kuRann waseKutch eGujarat). Ezi lwimi zinokubhalwa ngesiPersi okanye ngesiArabhu.
Hindi
I-Hindi kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwimvelaphi yayo yase-Indo-Aryan, iphuma kwisiqu sayo sase-Indo-Iranian. Ulwimi lwase-Indo-Iranian yinxalenye enkulu yecandelo le-Indo-European, eyenziwe ngenxa yohlaselo olwahlukeneyo kunye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu okwenzeka eIndiya kwimbali yonke. Kukholelwa ukuba olu lwimi luthethwa ngabantu baseIndiya abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-425 yaye abamalunga ne-120 lezigidi bakhetha olo lwimi njengolwimi lwabo lwesibini.
Igrama, amabinzana, isiyelelane kunye nentetho yoncwadi yesiHindi ubukhulu becala luphawu lwesiSanskrit, unina weelwimi ezininzi zanamhlanje eIndiya. Umbhalo weDevanagari ubonelela ngokutyebisa ngokwenyani isiHindi kunye nezinye iilwimi ezitsha ngokuthelekisayo. I-Hindi linqanaba layo lokuqala lalisaziwa njenge 'Khari Boli', ulwimi oluyilwe ngenxa yohlaselo oluqhubekayo yi-Afghanistan, iinxalenye zoMbindi Asia, i-Iran neTurkey. Ukuxutywa rhoqo kweentlanga, izithethe kunye neenkolo zakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweKhari Boli ukuya kwiHindi.
Bengali
Ngokufana nolwimi lwesiHindi, IsiBengali ikwakwisebe leelwimi zaseIndo-Aryan yaye ngoxa isiBengali sithethwa kakhulu kwiphondo laseNtshona Bengal eIndiya, ikwalulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe iBangladesh. Ulwimi lwesiBengali lwale mihla luthathwa njengolubolekayo okanye ulwimi oluxutyushwe eMagadhi, isiPali, isiTatsamas kunye nokuboleka amagama namabinzana kwisiSanskrit. IsiMagadhi kunye nePali zisathethwa kwiindawo zaseBihar naseJharkhand. Ngenxa yembali yohlaselo lwaseIndiya, imali ebolekwayo iyanda ukuya kwiilwimi zasePersi nesiArabhu kwaye nolunye uhlobo lwayo lubolekwa kwiilwimi zaseAustroasian. Inyani eyonwabisayo yokwazi malunga neBengali yeyokuba ayinanto ikhethekileyo yesini kwintetho yayo yokoqobo / yelizwi. Inye kuphela indlela yokujongana namadoda, abasetyhini kunye nezinye izini ezingezozabhinary.
khangela kufuneka ubone iindawo zabakhenkethi eIndiya kwimo yase Karnataka.
Telegu
IsiTelugu sizalwa ngolwimi lwaseDravidian, ubukhulu becala ithethwa kuMazantsi eMpuma weIndiya malunga nama-80.3 izigidi zabantu abazizithethi ezichongiweyo ngexesha lobalo luka-2011. Kukwakholelwa ukuba olu lwimi luthethwa nangamaqela amancinci eMzantsi Afrika kwaye kuye kwaqatshelwa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza nase-USA. Imibhalo yePrakrit esusela kwi-400 BCE kunye ne-100 BCE ifunyenwe ngamabinzana / isigama sesiTelugu esibhalwe kuzo. Kunye nemibhalo yeTelegu kwafunyanwa imibhalo yesiTamil nayo; ulwimi olukufutshane neTelegu. Elinye lamagama abalaseleyo aphuma kwiTelegu yayiligama elithi 'Nagabu', efunyenwe kwimibhalo yeSanskrit evela kwi-1st kwinkulungwane BCE.
Indian Visa ekwi-Intanethi iyafumaneka kumazwe angaphezu kwe-170. Isicelo se-Visa yaseIndiya (eVisa India) iyafumaneka eunited States , iunited Kingdom / British abemi kunye nabemi uninzi lwamazwe afanelekileyo Indiya e-Visa.
Ngenkqubo yesicelo se-Intanethi URhulumente waseIndiya iyenze yalula kakhulu kuye nabani na ukuba afumane iVisa nge-imeyile, ngaphandle kokufumana isitampu kwincwadana yokundwendwela, okanye ukutyelela uMzi wozakuzo waseIndiya. Ungafumana I-Visa yeshishini laseNdiya, I-Visa yezonyango yaseIndiyakwaye I-Visa yabakhenkethi yaseIndiya.
